Network meta-analysis comparing the clinical outcomes and safety of robotic, laparoscopic, and transanal total rectal mesenteric resection for rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To methodically assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of robot-assisted total rectal mesenteric resection (RTME), laparoscopic-assisted total rectal mesenteric resection (laTME), and transanal total rectal mesenteric resection (taTME). Methods: A computer search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Ovid databases to identify English-language reports published between January 2017 and January 2022 that compared the clinical efficacy of the three surgical procedures of RTME, laTME, and taTME. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the NOS and JADAD scales for retrospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials, respectively. Direct meta-analysis and reticulated meta-analysis were performed using Review Manager software and R software, respectively. Results: Twenty-nine publications comprising 8,339 patients with rectal cancer were ultimately included. The direct meta-analysis indicated that the length of hospital stay was longer after RTME than after taTME, whereas according to the reticulated meta-analysis the length of hospital stay was shorter after taTME than after laTME (MD=-0.86, 95%CI: -1.70 to -0.096, P=0.036). Moreover, the incidence of anastomotic leak was lower after taTME than after RTME (OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.39 to 0.91, P=0.018). The incidence of intestinal obstruction was also lower after taTME than after RTME (OR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.31 to 0.94, P=0.037). All of these differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the three surgical procedures regarding the number of lymph nodes cleared, length of the inferior rectal margin, or rate of positive circumferential margins (all P>0.05). An inconsistency test using nodal analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the results of direct and indirect comparisons of the six outcome indicators (all P>0.05). Furthermore, we detected no significant overall inconsistency between direct and indirect evidence. Conclusion: taTME has advantages over RTME and laTME, in terms of radical and surgical short-term outcomes in patients with rectal cancer.

Status of fungal sepsis among preterm infants in 25 neonatal intensive care units of tertiary hospitals in China / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and the risk factors of fungal sepsis in 25 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) among preterm infants in China, and to provide a basis for preventive strategies of fungal sepsis. Methods: This was a second-analysis of the data from the "reduction of infection in neonatal intensive care units using the evidence-based practice for improving quality" study. The current status of fungal sepsis of the 24 731 preterm infants with the gestational age of <34+0 weeks, who were admitted to 25 participating NICU within 7 days of birth between May 2015 and April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. These preterm infants were divided into the fungal sepsis group and the without fungal sepsis group according to whether they developed fungal sepsis to analyze the incidences and the microbiology of fungal sepsis. Chi-square test was used to compare the incidences of fungal sepsis in preterm infants with different gestational ages and birth weights and in different NICU. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to study the outcomes of preterm infants with fungal sepsis, which were further compared with those of preterm infants without fungal sepsis. The 144 preterm infants in the fungal sepsis group were matched with 288 preterm infants in the non-fungal sepsis group by propensity score-matched method. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of fungal sepsis. Results: In all, 166 (0.7%) of the 24 731 preterm infants developed fungal sepsis, with the gestational age of (29.7±2.0) weeks and the birth weight of (1 300±293) g. The incidence of fungal sepsis increased with decreasing gestational age and birth weight (both P<0.001). The preterm infants with gestational age of <32 weeks accounted for 87.3% (145/166). The incidence of fungal sepsis was 1.0% (117/11 438) in very preterm infants and 2.0% (28/1 401) in extremely preterm infants, and was 1.3% (103/8 060) in very low birth weight infants and 1.7% (21/1 211) in extremely low birth weight infants, respectively. There was no fungal sepsis in 3 NICU, and the incidences in the other 22 NICU ranged from 0.7% (10/1 397) to 2.9% (21/724), with significant statistical difference (P<0.001). The pathogens were mainly Candida (150/166, 90.4%), including 59 cases of Candida albicans and 91 cases of non-Candida albicans, of which Candida parapsilosis was the most common (41 cases). Fungal sepsis was independently associated with increased risk of moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (adjusted OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.04-2.22, P=0.030) and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (adjusted OR 2.55, 95%CI 1.12-5.80, P=0.025). Previous broad spectrum antibiotics exposure (adjusted OR=2.50, 95%CI 1.50-4.17, P<0.001), prolonged use of central line (adjusted OR=1.05, 95%CI 1.03-1.08, P<0.001) and previous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) duration (adjusted OR=1.04, 95%CI 1.02-1.06, P<0.001) were all independently associated with increasing risk of fungal sepsis. Conclusions: Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis are the main pathogens of fungal sepsis among preterm infants in Chinese NICU. Preterm infants with fungal sepsis are at increased risk of moderate to severe BPD and severe ROP. Previous broad spectrum antibiotics exposure, prolonged use of central line and prolonged duration of TPN will increase the risk of fungal sepsis. Ongoing initiatives are needed to reduce fungal sepsis based on these risk factors.

Neonatal systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism type I / 中国当代儿科杂志

An 18-day-old male infant was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent hyperkalemia for more than 10 days. The neonate had milk refusal and dyspnea. The blood gas analysis revealed recurrent hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis. Adrenocortical hormone replacement therapy was ineffective. Additional tests showed a significant increase in aldosterone levels. Family whole exome sequencing revealed that the infant had compound heterozygous in the SCNNIA gene, inherited from both parents. The infant was diagnosed with neonatal systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism type I. The infant's electrolyte levels were stabilized through treatment with sodium polystyrene sulfonate and sodium supplement. The infant was discharged upon clinical recovery. This study provides a focused description of differential diagnosis of salt-losing syndrome in infants and introduces the multidisciplinary management of neonatal systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism type I.

Association between semen collection time and semen parameters: an observational study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The process of semen collection plays a key role in the quality of semen specimens. However, the association between semen collection time and semen quality is still unclear. In this study, ejaculates by masturbation from 746 subfertile men or healthy men who underwent semen analysis were examined. The median (interquartile range) semen collection time for all participants was 7.0 (5.0-11.0) min, and the median time taken for semen collection was lower in healthy men than that in subfertile men (6.0 min vs 7.0 min). An increase in the time required to produce semen samples was associated with poorer semen quality. Among those undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART), the miscarriage rate was positively correlated with the semen collection time. After adjusting for confounders, the highest quartile (Q4) of collection time was negatively associated with semen volume and sperm concentration. A longer time to produce semen samples (Q3 and Q4) was negatively correlated with progressive and total sperm motility. In addition, there was a significant negative linear association between the semen collection time and the sperm morphology. Higher risks of asthenozoospermia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-3.25, P = 0.002) and teratozoospermia (adjusted OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.10-3.55, P = 0.02) were observed in Q3 than those in Q1. Our results indicate that a higher risk of abnormal semen parameter values was associated with an increase in time for semen collection, which may be related to male fertility through its association with semen quality.

Antidepressant mechanism of Shugan Lipi recipe in regulating tryptophan metabolism and its common pharmacodynamic substances / 中国中药杂志

This article is to explore the antidepressant mechanism of Shugan Lipi recipe in regulating tryptophan metabolism,and to find out their common pharmacodynamic substances. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology was used to establish fingerprints of Shugan Lipi recipe,and 124 components were identified. The depressed mouse model was replicated by triple-one multiple stress method. Chaihu Shugan Powder,Sini Powder and Xiaoyao Powder were administered in groups to observe the changes in body weight and behavior of the mice. The results showed that compared with the model group,the body weight,sucrose preference percentage and autonomous activity behavior of each administration group were improved. Among them,the effect of Chaihu Shugan Powder was better than that of Sini Powder and Xiaoyao Powder. LC-MS/MS method was used to determine the contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine( 5-HT),kynurenine( KYN) and tryptophan( TPP) in blood,liver,brain,colon and other tissues,as well as TDO enzyme activity in liver. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and gene expression of TDO enzyme,respectively. It was found that the three prescriptions increased the ratio of 5-HT/KYN in different degrees,decreased the ratio of KYN/TRP in liver,colon and brain,and decreased the expression level and activity of TDO enzyme in liver. The order of their ability to regulate tryptophan metabolism was Chaihu Shugan Powder>Sini Powder>Xiaoyao Powder. In addition,the correlation between the chromatographic peaks in the fingerprints of Shugan Lipi recipes and the pharmacodynamic indexes of tryptophan metabolism was analyzed by the grey relation analysis. The grey relation analysis found that the chemical components with the highest correlation with tryptophan metabolism were mainly from Paeoniae Radix Alba,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to analyze the migration components in the plasma of mice after administration of Shugan Lipi recipe,and to verify the common pharmacodynamic substances of Shugan Lipi recipe. The migration of these detected components in plasma was studied,and a total of 18 prototype components and 36 metabolites were identified. Therefore,it was believed that Chaihu Shugan Powder,Sini Powder and Xiaoyao Powder could play an antidepressant role by reducing the expression of TDO enzyme in the liver and regulating the metabolism of tryptophan.The components contained in Paeoniae Radix Alba,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus were the common pharmacodynamic substances of Shugan Lipi recipe,which played an important role in regulating tryptophan metabolism.

Screening for bioactive components of Desmodium styracifolium and its mechanisms study based on calcium oxalate monohydrate -induced HK-2 damage model / 药学学报

To screen active components of Desmodium styracifolium in protecting calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) -induced human proximaltubular epithelial cell (HK-2) damage model, and furtherly explore its mechanism of action, total flavonoids of Desmodium styracifolium (TFDS) and eight flavonoids (schaftoside, isoschaftoside, vicenin-2, isovitexin, isoorientin, apigenin, luteolin and genistein) were tested by COM-induced HK-2 damage model. MTT assay was used to detect the effects of different components on the cell viability of COM-induced HK-2 damage model. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in the cell supernatant and the activity level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of cell were detected by the kit. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, HMGB1 in HK-2 of different groups. Compared with the model group, the cell activity was significantly increased after 24 h co-culture with TFDS and four flavonoids (isoorientin, apigenin, genistein and luteolin). These active components can reduce the LDH leakage and ROS in cell supernatant and increase the activity of SOD, with regulating the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, HMGB1. TFDS, apigenin, isoorientin, luteolin and genistein can protect COM-induced HK-2 cell damage, including enhancing cell viability, protecting cell membrane integrity and enhancing oxidative stress, and regulate the expression of proteins related to NLRP3 inflammasome.

The relationship between uric acid urolithiasis and dyslipidemia / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between dyslipidemia and uric acid urolithiasis, and explore the risk factors of uric acid urolithiasis.Methods:93 patients with uric acid urolithiasis identified by stone composition analysis were retrospective analyzed from January 2014 to October 2019 were classified as uric acid urolithiasis group.Among them there were 77 men accounting for 82.8%, 16 women accounting for 17.2%, the median age is 64 years old.According to sex, age and other conditions, 321 patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis in the same period were selected as calcium oxalate stone group. Among them there were 264 men accounting for 82.2%, 57 women accounting for 17.8%, the average age is 64 years old.While 306 non-stone people examined in hospital as control group in the same period who matched with age and gender. Among them there were 252 men accounting for 82.4%, 54 women accounting for 17.6%, the average age is 61 years old. There was no significant difference in age and sex ratio among the three groups. The body mass index (BMI) of uric acid urolithiasis group, calcium oxalate urolithiasis group and control group were significantly different( P<0.01). Serum uric acid, urine pH and blood lipids: triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were recorded in the three groups, and the correlation between the above indexes and stone composition was analyzed.The uric acid urolithiasis group was divided into hyperuricemia(HUA) group (n=41) and Non HUA group (n=52) according to serum uric acid, and 66 cases with HUA were selected in the control group. The dyslipidemia and urine pH levels of the above three groups were compared. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors associated with uric acid urolithiasis formation. Results:There were significant differences in TG level, incidence of hypertrigly-ceridemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia, high LDL-cholesterolemia, serum uric acid and urine pH between uric acid urolithiasis group and calcium oxalate urolithiasis group( P<0.05). Significant differences were seen in TG level, HDL-C level, incidence of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterolemia, serum uric acid and urine pH between uric acid urolithiasis group and control group.There was significant difference in urine pH between uric acid urolithiasis with and Non HUA group. Significant difference in the incidence of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterolemia were seen between uric acid urolithiasis with HUA group and HUA group.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that obesity(odds ratio=1.68, P<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia(odds ratio=7.37, P=0.002), low HDL-cholesterolemia(odds ratio=10.46, P=0.001) and low urinary pH(odds ratio=0.10, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for uric acid urolithiasis. Conclusions:Dyslipidemia was more likely associated with uric acid urolithiasis. Obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia and low urinary pH are closely related to the occurrence of uric acid urolithiasis.

Mechanism of β-carboline alkaloids inhibiting migration and invasion of SGC-7901 cells / 中国中药杂志

To explore the mechanism of β-carboline alkaloids inhibiting the migration and invasion of SGC-7901 cells and its correlation with FAK gene expression,CCK-8 method was used to determine the inhibitory rate of β-carboline alkaloids on the proliferation of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells under different concentrations.The effect of β-carboline alkaloids on the migration and invasion of SGC-7901 cells was used by Transwell compartment.Detection of mRNA and protein expression of FAK genes were used by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Then si-FAK-1051 recombinant plasmid was transfected into SGC-7901 cells.FAK gene silencing effect was identified by qRT-PCR and Western blot technique again.Finally,the effects of FAK gene silencing on proliferation and migration of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were detected by CCK-8 kit and Transwell chamber assay respectively.With the increase of the concentration ofβ-carboline alkaloids,the inhibitory rate of SGC-7901 cells in human gastric cancer cells increased gradually,with IC5013.364 mg·L-1.The number of SGC-7901 cells of Transwell compartment in the positive experimental group(5-FU,5 mg·L-1) and the β-carboline alkaloids group decreased significantly(P<0.01) and the number of SGC-7901 cells in the β-carboline alkaloids group was significantly lower than that in the positive experimental group(P<0.01).Compared with the blank control group,the mRNA and protein expression level of FAK genes in the positive experimental group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group of β-carboline alkaloids(P<0.05).After transfection of si-FAK-1051 into gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells,the expression of mRNA and protein of FAK gene was significantly down regulated(P<0.05).SGC-7901 cell proliferation and cell migration ability also decreased significantly(P<0.05).β-carboline alkaloids are more effective than 5-FU in inhibiting migration and invasion of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells,and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of mRNA and protein expression of FAK gene by β-carboline alkaloids.

Clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity in children with invasive pneumococcal disease: a multicenter study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical characteristics, drug sensitivity of isolated strains, and risk factors of drug resistance in children with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).@*METHODS@#The clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity of the isolated strains of 246 hospitalized children with IPD in nine grade A tertiary children's hospitals from January 2016 to June 2018 were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Of the 246 children with IPD, there were 122 males and 124 females. Their ages ranged from 1 day to 14 years, and among them, 68 (27.6%) patients were less than 1 year old, 54 (22.0%) patients were 1 to 2 years old, 97 (39.4%) patients were 2 to 5 years old, and 27 (11.0%) patients were 5 to 14 years old. Pneumonia with sepsis was the most common infection type (58.5%, 144/246), followed by bloodstream infection without focus (19.9%, 49/246) and meningitis (15.0%, 37/246). Forty-nine (19.9%) patients had underlying diseases, and 160 (65.0%) had various risk factors for drug resistance. The isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were 100% sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin, 90% sensitive to ertapenem, ofloxacin, and ceftriaxone, but had a low sensitivity to erythromycin (4.2%), clindamycin (7.9%), and tetracycline (6.3%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#IPD is more common in children under 5 years old, especially in those under 2 years old. Some children with IPD have underlying diseases, and most of the patients have various risk factors for drug resistance. Pneumonia with sepsis is the most common infection type. The isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are highly sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ertapenem, and ceftriaxone in children with IPD.

Effects of TPF-DM on Nutrient Indexes and Immune Function in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective:To investigate the effect of TPF-DM on blood glucose levels and immune function in severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) patients.Methods:We consecutively included 60 STBI patients who were randomly divided into control and experimental groups.The two groups of patients were treated with TPF and TPF-DM as the main energy supply,respectively.Total protein,albumin,prealbumin,procalcitonin (PCT),immunoglobulinM (IgM),immunoglobulinG (IgG),immunoglobulinA (IgA) and blood glucose of all patients were detected on day 1,7 and 14.Immune function related indicators,serum protein and blood glucose were statistically analyzed.Results In the first week,the mean blood glucose level and incidence of hypoglycemia were not significantly different between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).However,the blood glucose variability (BGV) was significantly different (P ＜ 0.05).In the second week,both the blood glucose level and BGV were in normal range with no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).At dayl,the total protein,albumin,prealbumin,IgM,IgG and IgA of all the patients were below the normal level,while the PCT was exact opposite,but with no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).At day7,PCT decreased compared to dayl in both the control and experimental groups,while the total protein,albumin,prealbumin,IgM,IgG and IgA increased,but the experimental group increased much more compare to the control group (P ＜ 0.05).At dayl4,all these indexes returned to normal levels with no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:TPF-DM is significantly better than TPF to control the blood glucose level.TPF-DM may have a positive effect on the control of early excessive inflammation and infection,and then improve the immune function.Yet the potential physiopathologic mechanism needs further study.

Study on Material Basis and Action Mechanism of Chinese Formula Kai-Xin-San on Anti-depression via Regulation of Neurotrophic Factors / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective: To observe the material basis and mechanism of action of Kai-Xin-San (KXS) in regulating antidepression of neurotrophic factors. Methods: KXS eluted by ethanol on macroporous resin was prepared. The antidepressive effect of different components was compared by tailing suspension test and forced swimming test of mice. The levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus were determined by ELISA. The rat astrocyte glioma C6 cell line and the rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line were used to evaluate the effects of different ethanol elution sites on the expression of NGF and BDNF and the differentiation of PC12 cells.Results: All of the ethanol elution components from KXS exerted anti-depressive effects by shorting the immobile time of tailing suspension and forced swimming of mice and 70％ ethanol elution components exerted best efficacy. This site also could increase expressions of NGF and BDNF on C6 glioma cell line. The 10％ ethanol elution site had the strongest ability to promote PC12 cell differentiation. Ginsenosides were the main effectuve ingredients for promoting the expression of neurotrophic factors. Conclusion: Regulation of neurotrophic factors might be the prominent action mechanism of KXS exerting anti-depressive effects.

Inhibition of in vitro carcinogenicity by 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin mediated by modulating miR-519d/TWIST1 axis in liver cancer stem-like cells from SMMC-7721 cell line / 中国药理学通报

Aim To determine whether 8-bromo-7-me-thoxychrysin ( BrMC) inhibits in vitro carcinogenicity via up-regulating miR-519d expression and down-regu-lating Twist1 expression in liver cancer stem-like cells ( LCSLCs) derived from SMMC-7721 cell line. Meth-ods The second generation spheroids derived from SMMC-7721 cell line were obtained by sphere-forming assay and were considered as LCSLCs . Then LCSLCs were treated with various concentrations ( 1.0, 3.0, 10.0 μmol·L-1) of BrMC. The expression level of miR-519d was detected using real-time PCR. And in vitro carcinogenicity was investigated by sphere-forming assay and clone-forming assay in agar. The transcrip-tional activity and protein expression of Twist1 were an-alyzed using luciferase reporter assay and Western blot. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of BrMC was elucidated via miR-519 mimic transfection and Twist1 gene transduction, respectively. Results Compared with SMMC-7721 cells, miR-519d-3p was low-ex-pressed and Twist1 was over expressed in LCSLCs. And the sphere-forming ratio and the clone-forming ra-tio decreased by treatment with BrMC ( 1.0, 3.0, 10.0 μmol·L-1) in a dose-dependent manner. Fur-thermore, luciferase reporter assay demonstrated miR-519d could directly target the 3′ untranslated region of Twist1 mRNA and regulate protein expression. miR-519d mimic enhanced the effects of BrMC (3.0 μmol ·L-1) . However, Twist1 gene transduction effective-ly reversed the effects of BrMC ( 3.0 μmol·L-1) . Conclusion BrMC inhibits in vivo carcinogenicity via regulating miR-519/Twist1 signal axis in LCSLCs de-rived from SMMC-7721 cell line.

History and future of neuroanatomy education reform in Peking Union Medical College / 基础医学与临床

Regional anatomy and neuroanatomy are two key courses provided by the department of human anatomy in basic medicine since the founding of Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) about 100 years ago.The history of PUMC includes three major periods:the Old PUMC (1917-1949), the New PUMC (1950-1965), and the Cur-rent PUMC (1979-now).The teaching of neuroanatomy has changed significantly during the time .The neuroanato-my course in Old PUMC had rich contents , long curriculum and a strong foundation of basic knowledge , while the same course in New PUMC was highly condensed , and was further reformed to the integration of basic and clinical medicine in the Current PUMC .Nowadays neuroanatomy has become a popular course among the medical students in PUMC, featured by a unique combination of classical and rejuvenated contents , traditional and innovative ideas , and fully integration with clinic .

Antitumor effect of allicin on esophageal cancer EC109 cells compared with chemotherapeutics in vitro / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of allicin on human esophageal cancer cell line EC 109 and its possible mechanism by comparison with chemotherapeutic drugs .METHODS:The EC109 cells were treated with different concentrations of allicin , 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin .The cell viability was detected by CCK 8 assay and the activ-ity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was analyzed at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h.The apoptosis of the EC109 cells in-duced by Z-VAD-FMK, allicin, allicin+Z-VAD-FMK, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and PI double staining .The enzyme activity changes of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were detected by spectrophotometry .RESULTS:Allicin had inhibitory effect on the growth of the EC 109 cells and killed them in con-centration-dependent and time-dependent manners .LDH activity was decreased compared with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin . The increased activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in allicin-treated cells was statistically significant , but caspase-9 activity changed without statistical significance .CONCLUSION:Allicin inhibits the growth of EC109 cells in concentration-and time-dependent manners through extrinsic apoptosis pathways activated by caspase -8, and the side effects are weaker com-pared with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin .

Effect of Adhesive Overflow Grooves on the Adaptation of a Molar Zirconia Full Crown / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To study the effect of adhesive overflow grooves on the marginal and internal adaptation of a molar zirconia full crown.Methods A three-dimensional model of a mandibular first molar was established.Four crown preparations (A-D) were designed:a was a conventional full crown design,and B,C,and D included 1,2,and 4 adhesive overflow grooves,respectively,designed on the basis of A.Five resin preparations were created for each group using three-dimensional (3D) printing.According to the a design data,20 CAD/ CAM zirconia crowns were prepared and randomly divided into four groups.The tooth,preparations,and crowns underwent 3D scanning for 3D deviation analysis and 3D wall thickness analysis.The gap between the crown and the preparation was replicated with silicone rubber,and then observed with a metallographic microscope and measured.Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 17.0.Results Among the groups,marginal and internal clearance was A＞B＞C＞D.The comparison between every two groups was statistically different (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Increases in the number of overflow grooves result in significant increases in the marginal adaptation and internal adaptation of a full crown.

Prevalence and influencing factors of dementia in elderly people in the pension agencies in Chongqing / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dementia in the elderly people in pension agencies in Chongqing,and analyse its influencing factors.Methods The elderly people aged 60 and above in ten pension agencies were chosen randomly as subjects based on cluster sampling method.Face to face interviews were adopted in this research.The cognitive status of the elderly people was assessed through mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and instrumental activities of daily living scale (IADL).The influencing factors of dementia in the elderly people in pension agencies were collected by self-made general status scale for elderly people and the geriatric depression scale (GDS).Results A total of 119 elderly people were diagnosed with dementia in 415 eligible elderly people,and the prevalence rate was 28.67 ％.The prevalence rate of dementia in the elderly people was significantly different by age,gender,marital status,educational level,habitation,whether or not smoking,drinking and exercise,frequencies of housework and outdoor activities,whether or not having religious beliefs,and whether or not suffering from high blood pressure,diabetes,coronary heart disease,stroke and depression (P＜0.05).No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence rate of dementia in the elderly people differed by occupation,financial situation,whether or not eating fresh water fishes,seafood,fish oil health products,livers or fat meat,eggs,and frequencies of social interaction with relatives and neighbors,playing Mahjong or chess,watching TV or listening to broadcasts and participating in social activities (P＞0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that aged 70 or above,female,smoking,overweight or obesity and hypertension were the risk factors for dementia in the elderly people in pension agencies in Chongqing,while in marriage,not live alone and participating in outdoor activities everyday were the protective factors for dementia in the elderly people in pension agencies in Chongqing.Conclusion The prevalence rate of dementia in the elderly people in 10 pension agencies in Chongqing is relatively high,which indicated that more emphasis should be placed on preventing and controling dementia.

Antitumor effect of allicin on esophageal cancer EC109 cells compared with chemotherapeutics in vitro / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of allicin on human esophageal cancer cell line EC 109 and its possible mechanism by comparison with chemotherapeutic drugs .METHODS:The EC109 cells were treated with different concentrations of allicin , 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin .The cell viability was detected by CCK 8 assay and the activ-ity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was analyzed at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h.The apoptosis of the EC109 cells in-duced by Z-VAD-FMK, allicin, allicin+Z-VAD-FMK, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and PI double staining .The enzyme activity changes of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were detected by spectrophotometry .RESULTS:Allicin had inhibitory effect on the growth of the EC 109 cells and killed them in con-centration-dependent and time-dependent manners .LDH activity was decreased compared with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin . The increased activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in allicin-treated cells was statistically significant , but caspase-9 activity changed without statistical significance .CONCLUSION:Allicin inhibits the growth of EC109 cells in concentration-and time-dependent manners through extrinsic apoptosis pathways activated by caspase -8, and the side effects are weaker com-pared with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin .

Prevalence and influencing factors of dementia in elderly people in the pension agencies in Chongqing / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dementia in the elderly people in pension agencies in Chongqing,and analyse its influencing factors.Methods The elderly people aged 60 and above in ten pension agencies were chosen randomly as subjects based on cluster sampling method.Face to face interviews were adopted in this research.The cognitive status of the elderly people was assessed through mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and instrumental activities of daily living scale (IADL).The influencing factors of dementia in the elderly people in pension agencies were collected by self-made general status scale for elderly people and the geriatric depression scale (GDS).Results A total of 119 elderly people were diagnosed with dementia in 415 eligible elderly people,and the prevalence rate was 28.67 ％.The prevalence rate of dementia in the elderly people was significantly different by age,gender,marital status,educational level,habitation,whether or not smoking,drinking and exercise,frequencies of housework and outdoor activities,whether or not having religious beliefs,and whether or not suffering from high blood pressure,diabetes,coronary heart disease,stroke and depression (P＜0.05).No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence rate of dementia in the elderly people differed by occupation,financial situation,whether or not eating fresh water fishes,seafood,fish oil health products,livers or fat meat,eggs,and frequencies of social interaction with relatives and neighbors,playing Mahjong or chess,watching TV or listening to broadcasts and participating in social activities (P＞0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that aged 70 or above,female,smoking,overweight or obesity and hypertension were the risk factors for dementia in the elderly people in pension agencies in Chongqing,while in marriage,not live alone and participating in outdoor activities everyday were the protective factors for dementia in the elderly people in pension agencies in Chongqing.Conclusion The prevalence rate of dementia in the elderly people in 10 pension agencies in Chongqing is relatively high,which indicated that more emphasis should be placed on preventing and controling dementia.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Mild Cognitive Impairment among Old People in Chongqing, China / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among the old people in Chongqing, China. Methods From October to November, 2015, 1850 persons more than 60-year-old in Chongqing were cluster sampled. They were investigated with self-made general situation questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale (IADL) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) through face-to-face interview. Enumeration data were tested withχ2 test and multiple Logistic regression. Results MCI prevalence was 11.73%in the old people in Chongqing, and various with the residential re-gions, ages, marital status, literacy, career, smoking, drinking, seafood-eating, egg-eating, exercising, intensive labor, low intensity of labor, housework, outdoor activities, Mahjong/chess/cards playing, TV-watching/radio-listening/newspaper-reading, social activities, obesity, hy-pertension, diabetes, stroke, hyperglycemia, cerebrovascular insufficiency and depression (χ2>4.092, P<0.05). According to multiple Logis-tic regression, living in rural areas, aging, celibacy, obesity, hypertension and depression were the risk factors of MCI;while middle school and above years of schooling, mental workers, smoking cessation, frequent seafood-eating and egg-eating, exercising, daily intensive labor and low intensity of labor, daily and sometimes housework, daily and weekly outdoor activities at least once, daily Mahjong/chess/cards playing and daily TV-watching/radio-listening/newspaper-reading were the preventing factors. Conclusion The morbidity of MCI is high in the old people in Chongqing. It is necessary to take effective intervention in view of the related factors of MCI as early as possible, to delay or prevent the development of MCI to dementia.

Ultrasound-assisted minimally invasive percutaneous repair of acute closed Achilles tendon ruptures / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive percutaneous repair of acute closed Achilles tendon ruptures with intraoperative ultrasound assistance.Methods A retrospective case series study was made on 24 patients with acute closed Achilles tendon ruptures hospitalized between January 2013 and June 2015.There were 19 males and five females,aged 18-50 years (mean,30.5 years).MRI showed total Achilles tendon ruptures,and time from injury to operation was 1-3 days.All patients underwent minimally invasive percutaneous repair with high-frequency ultrasound assistance.Operation time and either intraoperative or postoperative complications were documented.At last follow-up,American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and Arner Lindholm system were used to evaluate ankle functional recovery.Results Operation time was 35-60 minutes (mean,42 minutes).No intraoperative injury to the major vessel and nerve occurred.Follow-up was conducted for 10-18 months (mean,14.5 months).No surgery-related complications were detected,including wound infection,skin necrosis and tendon reruptures.Ankle function was recovered to normal.AOFAS score were improved from preoperative 53-74 points [(61.5-± 6.7)points] to 91-100 points [(97.1 ± 3.2) points] at last follow-up (P ＜ 0.05).According to the Amer Lindholm system,the treatment outcome was excellent in 21 patients and good in three,with the excellence rate of 100％.Conclusion Ultrasound-assisted minimally invasive percutaneous technique improves the quality of tendon anastomosis,avoids injury to the sural nerve,minimizes the incidence rate of complications such as re-rupture,wounds infections or skin necrosis and hence is an ideal method for repair of acute closed Achilles tendon ruptures.